Тлумацький методкабінет
Делівська ЗОШ І-ІІІ ступенів
Бінарний урок-лекція
(англійська мова і ОБЖ)
" It is
harmful to use drugs"
Розробила:
Ціник М. І.
Вчитель іноземної мови
Делівської ЗОШ І-ІІІ ступенів
Learning about
drugs includes learning about tobacco and alcohol. Tobacco smoke contains
a number of drugs. Aalcohol itself
is a drug. Both tobacco and alcohol can
be very harmful to health .
Tobacco
Tobacco is a plant. Tobacco
leaves are made into different forms. Tobacco is smoked in pipes , Cigars, and
cigarettes. Tobacco also is chewed and sniffed .But more people smoke
cigarettes than use tobacco in any other way.
Tobacco smoke includes several gases . It also contains two other substance you may have heard of .These substances are tar and nicotine . All these drugs enter The body when a person breathes in cigarette smoke .
Tar is a brown, sticky material. It forms when cigarette smoke cools . Nicotine is a kind of Drug known as a stimulant. Stimulant drugs speed up the work of the nervous system, so that it does not do its jobs normally . The nervous system , which includes the brain, controls most of the activities of the body.
Changes Caused by Tobacco
Smoking even one cigarette causes changes in the body right away . The heart beats faster than normal. The blood vessels become smaller. Blood vessels carry blood throughput the body . And when these vessels become smaller, the heart has to work harder to pump blood through them . Cigarette smoke also irritates the mouth, nose , and throat
In time , smoking cigarettes can harm health . The tar in cigarette smoke builds up in the tubes Leading to the lungs . And it builds up in the lungs themselves . Tar containts materials that can harm the tubes and lungs . Smoking can lead to lung cancer and other lung disead. Smoking also can lead to diseases of the heart and blood vessels .
Why people Smoke
Some people start to smoke because they are curious about smoking. Or they may think smoking is a grown-up thing to do . Other people smoke because their friends smoke .
Many smokers known how smoking can harm health. But they still find it hard to stop smoking. Often, they continue to smoke from habit. That is, they do it regularly without thinking about it . Smokers also continue to smoke because they feel very uncomfortable if they don't smoke. Their bodies have gotten used to nicotine .
Why people don't Smoke
Most people do not smoke . They know smoking can harm their health . Some people also dislike the taste and smell of cigarette smoke . Young people may not smoke because there are laws against selling cigarette to them .
Smokeles Tobacco
In addition to being smoked, tobacco is used in the form of chewing tobacco and snuff. Chewing tobacco is coarsely ground tobacco leaves. Snuff is a powder made from grinding leaves and stems . Using chewing tobacco or snuff, like smoking, is harmful to health . Cancers of the mouth and throat, gum diseases, high blood pressure, and other serious health problems are common among people who use smokeless tobacco. Like smokers, users of chewing tobacco and snuff often find quitting difficult. The nicotine in the tobacco and the habit of using it have made them dependent.
Alcohol
Alcohol is liquid . It may
be made from grain, fruit, or other foods . There are different kinds of
alcohol . But only one kinds is for drinking .
Alcohol is a kind of drugs
known as a depressant. Depressant drugs slow down the work of the nervous system,
so that it does not do its jobs normally . Alcohol is taken into the body when
a person drinks an alcoholic drinks . Liquor, beer, and wine are kinds of
alcoholic drinks.
Changes
caused by Alcohol
Alcohol causes changes
mainly in the brain .The brain helps you see, speak , and heart. The brain also helps you,
feel, and more .Even drinking a small amount of alcohol causes changes right
away. However, the changes are somewhat different from person to person.
When a person drinks
alcohol, control over behavior weakens . After drinking more than a small
amount, a person may speak or act in ways he or she normally would not.
A person who drinks alcohol has trouble thinking quickly and clearly..
Some muscles may not move as quickly . As a result, the person can't drive or
do other tasks well.
As more alcohol is drunk,
the person may not walk steadily . The person also may not speak, hear, or see
clearly . Still more alcohol causes heartbeat and breathing to slow down . If
the person drinks enough, he or she may "pass out " .
An organ also affected by
alcohol is the live . The liver
breaks down alcohol so the body can get rid of it. In time, people who drink large amounts of
alcohol often have liver damage. Cirrhosis, can result in death.
Problem
drinking
Some people who drink heavily are problem drinkers
. That is, their heavy drinking causes problems in their everyday lives.
Problem drinkers often have difficulty doing their work and getting along with
other.
People who cannot control
how match and how often they drink are said to have the illness called
alcoholism . People who have this illness are called alcoholics . Help is
available for alcoholics and their families through such organizations as
Alcoholics Anonymous, Al-Anon, and Alateen .
Why people
Drink
People often start drinking without thinking about
the risks of alcohol .The may drink to feel like a part of a group that drinks.
Young people may think it makes them more grown-up to drink. Some people may be
curious about how alcohol will make them feel . Still others drink because they
hope it will help them forget about problems in their lives .
Alcoholics drink because
they cannot control their use of alcohol. They think they need alcohol to get
along in life . Also, their bodies have become used to alcohol and depend on it
to feel right.
People do not drink for
many reasons . Some people do not drink
because the know heavy drinking can harm their health. Others do not like the
way alcohol makes them lose control over their behavior .
Some people do not drink
because they believe drinking is wrong . Drinking may be against their
religious beliefs. Also, their are laws against selling alcoholic drinks to
young people. And there are laws against young people buying alcoholic drinks.
What other reasons for not drinking alcohol
do you know ? People today use many
different kinds of drugs for many different reasons . You know some
drugs are used as medicines to help health. And you have read how using tobacco
and alcohol can harm health.
Some people use certain other drugs to change the way they feel or act.
Some people Think using these drugs will help them solve problems in their
lives. Others think using These drugs will
make them happier. Using these drugs for these reasons is called drug abuse . Drug abuse
can seriously harm health.
Some
drugs that are abused
Drugs that can harm health include depressant,
stimulants, marijuana, and volatile substances.
Depressants
and Stimulants Depressants and stimulants are two
groups of different drugs. You already know of
one depressant drug, alcohol. And you know of one stimulant, drug, nicotine.
Certain other depressant and stimulant drugs are pilss. They sometimes are
prescribed by doctors. These are the drugs you will read about here. You know
all depressant drugs slow down
the work of the nervous system.
One kind of depressant sometimes is prescribed
to help people with sleep
problems. Another kind of depressant may
be prescribed to help people relax.
You know all stimulant drugs speed up the nervous system. Stimulants are not often
prescribed. They are helpful for
only a few health problems. Stimulant drugs can bring about wide-awake
feelings for a time and loss of appetite.
People sometimes get depressants or stimulants with a prescription, but
use them incorrectly. People also get these drugs illegally, without a
prescription . Then, they use the drugs incorrectly . Ether way, the drugs are
being abused.
Use of depressants or stimulants over a long time may lead to several problems. One problem is tolerance . Tolerance means the body gets used to a drug . With tolerance, A small amount of the drug may no longer work. A person may have to take more to get the same effects.
It dependence develops, a
person may find it very hard to stop
using the drug. People even may become sick when they try to stop using drugs
they are dependent on
Marijuana marijuana is made from
parts of a certain plant. These parts are often
made into cigarettes .
Marijuana is illegal to buy, sell, or use .
Marijuana has many drugs in it. They cause changes in many parts of the
body. when a person smokes marijuana, the heart beats faster. Blood pressure
may increase. These changes put stress on the body.
A person
who uses marijuana cannot act quickly or think clearly. The person
becomes less co-ordinated. He or she
may be unable to look at moving objects for very long. Therefore, driving a car
after using marijuana is particularly dangerous.
Marijuana also slows learning. It can make it hard to
remember something just learned. It
also can cause anxiety, confusion, changes in the senses.
Tolerance to marijuana can
develop rapidly. Dependence also can occur. Over a long time, marijuana
smoke-like tobacco smoke-may damage the lungs. Heavy Smoking of marijuana may lead to lung cancer.
People also know abusing drugs can cause problems in a person's daily life. For example, drug abusers may not be able to do schoolwork or other jobs well. They also may have problems getting along with their friends and families.
There are many things
scientists don't yet
known about marijuana. They
don't known all the ways it affects the
body. They know that it stays in the body for a long time. But they don't know
how dangerous this may be.
Scientist and others want
to find out more about marijuana. They want to know the harmful effects of
using marijuana with another drug, such as alcohol .They want to find out if
marijuana makes it harder for the body to fight off germs. They are continuing
to study the dangers and
risks of long-term use of marijuana.
Volatile substances a volatile substance is something that changes into a gas easily.
Gasoline, spray paint, oven cleaner, and some glues are examples of volatile
substances .
Some people sniff the fumes
of volatile substances on purpose. The changes
the fumes cause in the body are similar to the changes alcohol causes. If the fumes
are sniffed over a long time, tolerance and mental dependence
may develop. Also, certain body organs may be seriously damaged. For example, the lungs, liver,
kidneys, and brain can be affected. Sniffing volatile substances for too long
a time also can result in death.
Why people abuse drugs?
You know stimulants and depressants are sometimes prescribed as
medicines. But why do you think some people use these medicines incorrectly or
illegally. And why do you think people abuse marijuana and volatile substances.
Many people who abuse drugs do not know these drugs can cause serious health problems.
Some people may be curious or want to take a
risk. They may say drugs will keep them from being bored. Others may
think using drugs makes them more grown-up. Or they may want to
do what friends do.
Some
people use drugs to try to avoid problems. The problems may be in getting
along with others or dealing with unpleasant
feelings. Some people continue to use a drug because they have become
physically or mentally dependent on it.
Why people don't abuse drugs?
Most people do not abuse drugs. They know how drugs can harm them. They
know abusing drugs can lead to tolerance and dependence. They know drugs can
damage the body .
People also know abusing drugs can cause problems in a person's daily life. For example, drug abusers may not be able to do schoolwork or other jobs well. They also may have problems getting along with their friends and families.
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